| Career (France) | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Psyché |
| Namesake: | Psyche |
| Builder: | Basse-Indre yard, near Nantes |
| Laid down: | February 1798 |
| Launched: | 1798 |
| In service: | February 1804 |
| Captured: | 14 February 1805 |
| Career (Great Britain) | |
| Name: | HMS Psyche |
| Acquired: | 14 February 1805 by capture |
| Honours and awards: |
Naval General Service Medal with the clasp "Java" |
| Fate: | Broken up in 1812 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen: | 846 22⁄94 (bm) |
| Length: | 138 ft 6 in (42.21 m) (gundeck); 117 ft 0 in (35.66 m) (keel) |
| Beam: | 36 ft 10 1⁄8 in (11.230 m) |
| Sail plan: | Full-rigged ship |
| Complement: | 339 (French service) |
| Armament: |
In British service: |
Psyché was a 36-gun vessel built between February 1798 and 1799 at Basse-Indre (Nantes) as a privateer.[1] As a privateer she had an inconclusive but bloody encounter with HMS Wilhelmina of the Royal Navy, commanded by Commander Henry Lambert, off the Indian coast in April 1804.[2] The French then brought her into service in June 1804 as the frigate Psyché. In February 1805 she encountered San Fiorenzo, under the command of the same Henry Lambert, now an acting captain. After a sanguinary engagement of over three hours, Psyché surrendered.[2] The British took her into service as HMS Psyche. In British service she captured several prizes and took part in the capture of Mauritius and in an operation in Java. She was broken up at Ferrol in 1812.
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On 9 April 1804, while under the command of Captain Trogoff, she encountered HMS Wilhelmina, which was escorting the country ship William Petrie to Trincomalee. The Psyché out-gunned the Wilhelmina, which was armed en flûte.[3] She had only 21 guns: eighteen 9-pounder and two 6-pounder cannon, and one 12-pounder carronade.[2] Psyché carried 36 cannon, a broadside that was more than double that of Wilhelmina: twenty-four 12-pounder guns, two 6-pounders and ten 18-pounder carronades. Psyché also had a crew of 250 men, compared with Wilhelmina's 124.[2] Nevertheless Captain Henry Lambert of Wilhelmina sailed towards Psyché to give the William Petrie a chance to escape.
Light winds meant that the engagement did not begin until 11 April, when both ships opened fire, exchanging broadsides and attempting to tack around to rake their opponent.[4] After several hours fighting, Psyché broke off and fled. Both ships had sustained heavy damage, the Wilhelmina to her masts and rigging, while Psyché was reduced to a near-sinking condition.[4] Wilhelmina had nine of her crew wounded, three mortally and six slightly, while Psyché lost ten killed and 32 wounded, 13 of them mortally.[5] Wilhelmina put into port, while the William Petrie also arrived safely at her destination.[6]
In June 1804 Decaen purchased Psyché for the French Navy at Réunion.
On 10 January 1805, under Captain Jacques Bergeret, she captured the country ship Elisa. On 14 February 1805, she captured the country ships Pigeon and Thetis. Bergeret employed Pigeon as a privateer under the name Équivoque. She was armed with 10 guns and had a crew of 40 men under the command of a lieutenant.[7]
On 14 February, Psyché, Équivoque and Thetis encountered HMS San Fiorenzo, now under the command of Captain Henry Lambert (acting), off the Malabar Coast of India.[7] The French abandoned Thetis as San Fiorenzo approached and Lambert put a prize crew aboard her under the command of a midshipman, and continued his pursuit.
At ten minutes past eight, San Fiorenzo and Psyché started to exchange broadsides at about a cable length (185 m.) from each other. The battle continued until 11:30 when Lambert broke off the engagement to repair damage. At midnight, as Lambert was about to re-engage, a boat from Psyché arrived and reported that she had struck.[7]
Psyché had 57 killed and 70 wounded out of her crew of 240 men.[7] San Fiorenzo had 12 killed and 36 wounded.[7] During the action the Équivoque occasionally annoyed San Fiorenzo with gunfire. At some point she escaped into the night.[7] In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "San Fiorenzo 14 Feby. 1805" to any still surviving claimants from the action.[8]
She was brought into British service as HMS Psyche, being commissioned under Commander William Woolridge in about August 1805.[1] Under Woolridge Psyche took a number of small prizes in 1806:[9]
Captain Fleetwood Pellew took command in 1807. His father, Rear-Admiral Sir Edward Pellew, "Commander in Chief of His Majesty's Ships and Vessels in the East Indies", sent Psyche and Caroline to reconnoitre the port of Surabaya.[10] On 30 August they captured a ship from Batavia and from her learned the disposition of the Dutch military ships in the area. Psyche proceeded to Samarang while Caroline pursued another vessel.[10] Psyche arrived at Samarang at midnight and next morning her boats captured and brought out from under the fire of shore batteries an armed 8-gun schooner and a large merchant brig. However, Psyche had seen three more Dutch vessels, one of them a warship, and so Pellew destroyed the two captured vessels and at mid-day set out after the three other vessels.[10]
By 3:30 on 1 September Psyche had caught up with the Dutch vessels and run them ashore.[10] She went as close as the water depth would allow, anchored and exchanged fire with them. All three surrendered quickly. One that she captured was the 24-gun corvette Scipio, which had a crew of 150 men. Scipio was badly shot up and her commander, Monsieur Carrege, had been mortally wounded.[10] The largest armed merchant ship was the Resolutie, of 700 tons. She had a valuable cargo and as passengers the colours and staff of the Dutch 23rd European Battalion.[10] The third vessel was the brig Ceres, of 12 guns and 70 men.[10] Pellew had too few men to be able to deal with the prisoners so he paroled the officers to the governor of Samarang and gave up the all the other men against a receipt.[10]
Captain John Edgcumbe assumed command at Bombay in 1808.[11] He then sailed Psyche to the Persian Gulf with Brigadier-General John Malcolm and his staff on an embassy to the Persian Empire. There, during the four hottest months of the year, Psyche provided protection for the British embassy at Abusheer. At the beginning of 1809, a detachment of troops from the 56th (West Essex) Regiment of Foot came on board Psyche to serve as marines.[12]
Psyche returned to Bombay and then convoyed troops to Pointe de Galle. From there she went to Columbo to embark troops for Travancore to suppress a mutiny among the native troops in 1809. Psyche silenced some batteries and her boats destroyed several vessels, suffering one man wounded in the process. Later, Psyche captured two vessels transporting elephants to the mutineers.[11]
Next, Psyche accompanied Doris to Manila in search of two French frigates, and to induce the government of the Philippines to side with Spain against France. After they returned to Prince of Wales Island, Psyche escorted their Dutch prize to Bombay.
In 1810 Psyche transported Brigadier-General Malcolm on a second embassy to Persia.[11] She then sailed to the Cape of Good Hope before sailing to Rodrigues where the British were assembling a fleet to attack Île de France. On 29 November the force landed at Grande Baie; the island surrendered on 3 December.[13]
Between May and August 1811 Psyche participated in an expedition to Java under Rear Admiral Sir Robert Stopford. While there, Edgcumbe succumbed to hepatitis and had to be invalided back to Britain.[11] Captain Robert Worgan George Festing, who had been serving on shore with the Army, received promotion to Post-captain on 9 October 1811 and assumed command of Psyche.[14] In 1847 the Admiralty authorized the award of the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Java" to any surviving participants that claimed it.[15]
In 1812 Festing sailed Psyche to Europe. That same year she was sold at Ferrol to be broken up.[1] M. Santos, the purchaser, took possession on 6 August. Her crew was repatriated to Britain on the transport Bideford.[16]
| Wikisource has the text of Richard Cannon’s:
Historical Record of the Fifty-Sixth, or the West Essex Regiment of Foot
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